I first learned programming in high school. They taught us how to use flowchart[1] for easier visualisation of the logic and state transitions in a program.
Then in college I was taught data structures and serious CS stuff. This is where my intuition stopped as I mentioned in the previous comment. So what I wanted to say was, it was intuitive for me up till a certain point.
Then working irl is more about using frameworks and tools and thinking in terms of concepts from those tools.
So I'd say there are endlessly many mental models you'll use in programming, depends on the task you work on. Don't worry too much if you don't get some of them.
How long have you been programming?
