Most other countries offer a baseline of health care that DOES NOT go to extraordinary lengths (ie, 10M) that is free to everyone. They pay those doctors a salary, often also cover the medical education for them etc.
Then people can and do pay on top of that for private care. Super wealthy are in their own system, many others go for basic stuff to public option but might pay privately for speed / fancier results.
This mirrors libertarian model in most cases.
The US is a bit unique. For example, end of life care is both fully covered in most cases and insanely expensive - we spend far more than many other countries on things like last 3-6 months of life doing "heroic" measures, full intensive care etc etc. Again very lucrative to hospitals so don't see it stopping, but yes, other countries do not do this unless you pay yourself.