I have a friend who works at G that told me shortly after he started working there, he accidentally typed some portion of his password into another website, at which point his laptop immediately locked down and he was forced to change his password before doing anything else.
And yes, it does store a hash of the password on the local machine, although I suspect it's only a 32 bit hash or something so you can't 'crack' it to recover the original password.
If there's ransomware on an employees's laptop you simply throw it away and give them another one. And have them go through a lot of security training after.
Assuming they were the weakness. It might be that patching velocity was the reason the laptop became infected. Where I work that is managed via patch management software not the end-user.