I tried to use adb backup to backup my Chrome history/tabs, but it's empty because it has android:allowBackup=false. So unless they're also rooting the phone (which usually wipes the data) or have some 0-day privilege escalations, some apps can't be backed up this way.
I don't know much about Android so I can't help you, but it is much more likely that the company that employs dozens of mobile forensics and hardware engineers and has close relationships with Android device makers figured out a workaround.
