At least in Linux kernel terminology "block device" and "disk" seem to be used almost interchangably, for example the gendisk structure with the accompanying add_disk, alloc_disk, etc methods for creating block devices [1].

Meanwhile on a API level Windows talks about "disk drives" that abstract over "physical media" [2], but when talking to end users uses "hard drive" as the generic term, like in the sentence "You can install Windows to a hard drive, such as a hard disk drive or a solid-state drive" [3]

1: https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/b...

2: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/d...

3: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufactur...