What does it mean for a JPEG of some work of digital art to be authentic?Authentic means that it was put on the blockchain by an address owned by the artist. It means that the art could have only come from a specific artist.
As long as it is bit-by-bit identical to the original, authenticity (whatever it means) makes absolutely no difference.
Of course it makes a difference in value. If your neighbor was able to exactly duplicate a Picasso, do you think it would hold the same value as an original Picasso? It wouldn’t. A big part of the value of art is the provenance and the story behind it and the artist.