Summary:
UT1 - noon is when the sun is above you, day has 86400 seconds (not SI seconds)
TAI - noon drifts away from when the sun is above you, day has 86400 SI seconds
UTC - noon is when the sun is above you (+/- 1 second), day has 86400+/-1 SI seconds
Difference UT1-TAI: continuously diverging
Difference UT1-UTC: continuously diverging up to less than +/-1 second, then discretely jumps back when it gets too big (leap seconds)
Difference TAI-UTC: increasing in discrete increments of +/-1 full second (leap seconds)