Take a look at the railway traffic statistics [2]. The visualization there must have been painstaking to make.
[1] https://www.gsi.go.jp/atlas/atlas-e-etsuran.html
[2] https://www.gsi.go.jp/atlas/archive/j-atlas-d_e_49.pdf
edit:
The earthquake epicenter visualization is also worth mentioning:
A little less accurate but more beautiful is the first Hapsburg Military Survey, from the late 1700s [2], when and if I'll ever get a bigger house I'll definitely hang some prints of those maps on the walls.
[1] https://mapire.eu/en/map/europe-19century-secondsurvey/?laye...
[2] https://mapire.eu/en/map/europe-18century-firstsurvey/?layer...
For more modern timeline visualisations, you might be interested in this list of timeline designs I compiled:
https://www.tiki-toki.com/blog/entry/ten-amazing-online-time...
There is also a recent presentation of the design space of timelines in "Timelines Revisited: A Design Space and Considerations for Expressive Storytelling" [1, 2]. This then developed into the Timeline Storyteller tool [3].
[0]: https://papress.com/products/cartographies-of-time
[1]: https://timelinesrevisited.github.io/preprint.pdf
The "best," diagrams show change over time, and provide the presenter with a way to demonstrate how they are the important pivot point that optimizes and drives that change. The "worst," diagrams are the ones that illuminate the problem in such a way that it is no longer difficult, which humiliates the people it was presented to and designed to help.
I recommend using data viz privately, to reason through and solve problems quickly, and then use the time you save for self investment. The real value I think is to use data viz not as a product for productivity, but as an arbitrage tool for leverage.
I hope this is an ongoing project and that will be addressed.