> Have eg Tor exit nodes been held legally responsible for eg copyright infringement? Sounds highly counterintuitive.
In Germany that's the case. Up until four years ago, it was legally impossible to offer free Wi-Fi for restaurants and other venues; and they now have to track at least every legal name of customers that use their Wi-Fi in order to not be held responsible as the Wi-Fi owner.
Technically they would have also to track a photo/ID of each customer if there weren't the GDPR/DSGVO in place that prevents that.
There's also still debate whether or not you have to have passwords in place in order to be not held responsible, which means that customers would have to "register a personal Wi-Fi account" as it's the case with city-provided Wi-Fi access points that are linked to your legal name and address.
That's what the EuGH decided with [1] and [2], the German Bundesgerichtshof before that decided that it's enough to track names only which led to the case being escalated to the European court by Sony Music.
[1] https://dejure.org/dienste/vernetzung/rechtsprechung?Gericht...
[2] https://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/201...
