1. get all image files with "find", considering they are with a known extension
2. run jdupes on the dump and deduplicate them.
3. run exiftool on them to automatically divide them to folders based on any metadata field you like.
4. Index all of the images with digikam and further organize them there.
Both ways are applicable to videos as well.
I'm currently using the second path since Digikam is already my primary photo cataloging and managing tool for years and, it works wonders.
---
On mac, Gemini II and Retrobatch would allow for a similar workflow but, I didn't use them as my primary workflow tools. Gemini also has similarity search so it can deduplicate similar photos.
I'm not using Windows for more than a decade so, I don't know anything on that front.
Taking images and mounting them sounds reasonable. :)
git-annex[2] will allow you to index all, or just some, of those files where they are - and keep track if you shuffle them around. The really useful feature in your case, is that git-annex will keep tabs on even your disconnected harddrives, flashdrives or cloud storage. It will let you know if you have redundant copies and how many, or if you're about to trash the last known instance of IMG001.jpg. It will point you to specific storage media if query some file not currently local.
Note that it's not entirely as trivial as I make it out to be - git vcs experience helps. Some love it.
In your situation, I'd might try borg[3] - No experience, but I heard appreciative voices about it and docs seem OK.
Personally, I always end up using rmlint/fdupe and unix tools, but that's a secret.
[2] https://git-annex.branchable.com/ [2] https://github.com/borgbackup/borg [3] There's GUI implementations of these
I set it at the highest match setting. If you adjust it to a lower setting, it will match things where somebody is looking at the camera versus looking away.
https://apps.apple.com/us/app/photosweeper/id463362050?mt=12 https://apps.apple.com/us/app/photosweeper-lite/id506150103?...
PS: I was going to say that they have a PC version but it looks like the 3rd entry for me on DuckDuckGo is actually spam that says there is a PC version, then feeds you to programs that are "like PhotoSweeper". I wouldn't download those.