I had something similar happen a few months ago (dead phone and no access to my backup email).
In the end, I had to put my simcard into a new phone and verify.
Sorry I can't be of more help right now with the access issue.
But, some advice from my lesson: EVACUATE FROM GMAIL IF YOU HAVE ANYTHING IMPORTANT IN YOUR EMAILS.
Switch to an email account using a domain you own (and ideally use a paid email provider so you can at least contribute to them sticking around).