Your friends uploaded their addressbooks, knowingly or unknowingly (e.g. regular use of Instagram, FB Messenger, or WhatsApp, or the FB App would make that seem completely innocent)
So they know "John Smith" whose friends with "Joe User" on Facebook, has an email address for "Joe User" that is different than the one listed for "John Smith"'s account; now they have both. That's part of their business.
Personally, I own a domain. Every retailer, website, etc. I interact with gets their own email address. I have no doubt Facebook knows some of them, and can maybe even connect some of them to my profile -- but it's not certain.
P.S: I don't even use facebook myself.