Also, PPAs do absolutely nothing about sandboxing. It's a different kind of concern.
Therefor we use opensource. Anything you dont trust is even hard to run safely in a sandbox.
BTW +1 for PPA culture.
You can distribute open source software via flatpak or snap. And you can create a build system that takes open source software as a source and creates a flatpak or snap distribution.
It's totally possible to hide a backdoor in an open source software.
A working sandbox will prevent certain attacks to your system, whether it was built from an open source or not. This already works on most (all?) mobile operating systems.
not having a sandbox is less of a problem when you run FLOSS (in the context of PPAs that's relevant i think)
What If you install script has a bug that lets an attacker place arbitrary SUID binaries? Or it has a bug that deletes your entire system (Steam had this bug and the script was open and available, they weren't the only ones either).
Fedora has such repositories (RPM Fusion, Copr). Arch does, too (AUR). Other distributions, including Debian, can use them as well, so long as there exists a community.
Compared to that Copr is a real PPA where you can build stuff into personal repo (as long as its built from source, licensing is fine & the thing is not patent encumbered).
Most popular distors provide similar stuff to PPA, the AUR in Arch for example.
It is rpm-specific, but not Fedora-specific.