Not[0] really[1]. Loop antennas (active or passive) have good gain perpendicular to the loop. It would be easy to mount on the inside of a wood paneled moving van with some nice receiving equipment. You park the van so the side faces the target's apartment and voilà you can listen to the mixer of their superhet radio. If your searching for receivers a couple vans driving around could triangulate and detected signals. Just getting the right apartment building would be enough for the KGB to turn the place over.
[0] http://www.kr1st.com/swlloop.htm
[1] https://www.fmuser.org/fm-receiver/receiver-antenna/DE31MS-l...