The problem with Try/Result is that you still have to do manually unwrapping and/or early returns. Scala and Haskell have monad comprehensive to make this less noisy. Rust has the ? operator. Java has nothing. This makes your code WAY more noisy than having a try-catch inside your non-trivial function.

In a proper world, callers should NOT be aware of all exceptions a function can throw. That's exactly the point of having checked and unchecked exceptions. Checked means the library author thought there is a chance that you might want to handle the exception locally. Unchecked means the library author does not want you to try to recover- they've already determined you're screwed.