The biggest rewards go to the biggest risk-takers.
A person with $10 million who puts $3 million into a business isn't taking that much of a risk. There's some risk there and, yes, it should be rewarded. But a person with no net worth is taking a huge risk every time he takes a new job: career risk.
This dynamic exists in startups as well. The people who are taking the real risks are the founders, not the venture capitalists.
There's job risk in startups, yes, but not career risk. Working for startups serves you very well.
So, if you know the average salary is $X and the top salary is $2X, and you're making $1.1X then you ask for a payrise to $1.6X because "you know you're better than most of the people here". Then everyone does. And so on.
I think the way around that is to match transparent salaries with a transparent ladder of responsibilities/expectations/experience, like you were talking about with Fog Creek.
Then there's a clear standard for people to evaluate what they are worth to the company.