Aircraft carriers are a somewhat irrelevant metric. The US depends on them because their contested interests are strictly overseas. China and Russia's interests are in Eurasia, along their borders. Unless they plan full-scale invasion of the Americar, Africa, or Western Europe, they don't really need them.

What matters though are their nuclear arsenal and modern military technologies. They might or might not match the US's tech level, but it is more than sufficient to keep lesser powers from pestering them. And they probably have an idea or two about how to tackle the US aircraft carriers (ultrasilent submarines and hypersonic missiles come to mind).

I’m referring to nuclear capacity and abilities. I do not foresee the next War to be like the ones of old. Two+ massive powers competing will play ‘chicken’ until someone makes the wrong move.

“ If the button is pushed, there's no running away There'll be no one to save with the world in a grave”

-Barry McGuire ‘Eve of Destruction’