And they will make you rich. Someone who works for these companies at a non-junior level for more than 5-10 years and is reasonable about expenses can quite easily become a millionaire if they work in their offices in developed countries. 5 years for senior positions, 10 years for regular positions.

You may have restrictions on when you can sell depending on your position in the company and other rules.

But that mostly sums it up at a high level.

I agree, options would worthless. They only seem valuable for startups where you’re paying pennies against the potential of a $10/share IPO.