Those are ways in which people acting in their own rational self interest create a situation in which they are all worse off as a result. This is called a market failure, and there are plenty of examples where this happens (for instance, why voting seldom produces the best possible candidate, or why armies run away).

Remember, someone acting in their own rational self interest does not mean they will never experience deleterious consequences. It simply means people will take actions they think will result in the best const/benefit for them.