story
They're orthogonal concerns. C is statically and weakly typed. Clojure is dynamically and strongly typed. PHP is dynamically and weakly typed. Haskell is statically and strongly typed. Java, as the most design-by-committe language ever, manages to be a mix of all four.
Static typing — types checked at compile time. Dynamic typing — types checked at runtime.
I'd consider Python to be more strongly typed than JavaScript. It doesn't do quite so many automatic conversions. For example, in Python, `1 + "foo"` is a TypeError. In JavaScript, it's "1foo". Sadly, `1 == True` in Python, so it certainly doesn't get full marks.
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses, TypeSynonymInstances, FlexibleInstances #-}
import Prelude (String, (++), show, Int, (==))
import qualified Prelude
class Add x y where
(+) :: x -> y -> y
instance Add Int String where
(+) x y = show x ++ y
instance Add Int Int where
(+) x y = x Prelude.+ y
instance Add String String where
(+) x y = x ++ y
a = ((1 :: Int) + (1 :: Int)) == 2
b = ((1 :: Int) + "aa") == "1aa"
c = ("a" + "aa") == "aaa"