> It is small scale venture capital with no guarantees.
Kickstarter at least is not this, because if it was VC then backers would be buying equity, not product (often at close-to-retail price).
Fig is closer, since it is set up so that you can purchase shares in future revenue of the project (or just buy the product like Kickstarter), but IIRC you still don't get an ownership share, technically (I haven't looked into it closely since it's not my thing, so could be mistaken).
IMO either one is actually preferably for creators to a VC model since they get to maintain full ownership and their only (semi-) obligation is to deliver the product people pre-paid for.
Imagine if you could fund a tech startup by pre-selling product to customers instead of slicing up ownership of your company before it's even off the ground.