> Has AWK changed significantly in the last 30 years
Actually it did, exactly the dialect used by the author of OP, Gawk got some very new and, in the context of awk language dialects, advanced features recently.
https://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/manual/html_node/Namespace...
The introduction of "namespaces" construct allows it to work with older programs but also construction of "libraries" in separate files.
Anyway, I really like the OP implementation, everybody should take a look at:
https://github.com/rethab/awk-jvm/blob/master/jvm.awk
It's based on the https://github.com/zserge/tojvm/blob/master/vm.go but I consider the awk version really more "elegant" in some my-own-taste sense.