The snapshot options are much better in fusion, for that solo workflow, then stock virtualbox. I suspect vagrant covers those gaps.
Long running (and pausing) VMs behave better on fusion. I see better stability when pushed hard. Better use of the hardware. Been a long time since I ran benchmarks, but the same VM was about 4-10 seconds faster on a 2 minute process. Not enough to matter for most. The native disk access helps with things that are IO sensitive.
The UI drivers are better... so if you open up and run a Linux desktop, it feels much more native, if that is a thing.
I don't think I've even opened virtualbox in the last couple years... so my comparisons may be dated. YMMV