The main real advantage for me are linked records, which allows you to keep your data normalized. Let's say you have a data model with 10 tables that have foreign keys among each other. For users it will be easier and less error-prone to link records using the Airtable UI rather than Google Sheets.

You could do this with a "out-of-the-box" CRUD app in RoR or Django, but Airtable gives a ton of more flexibility and quick iteration if you data model is changing or adapting.

It does have plenty of drawbacks so I wouldn't use it for every project.

My wife works for a niche real estate small agency. She move everything from excel files to Airtable. They can share data between customers or sellers through Airtable Form, properties announces on Airtable are linked to company website through Airtable API and they can send list of interesting homes to customers just sharing an Airtable view.