This example doesn't really work. Those buckets have always been primarily for image asset selection, not UI declaration/layout. It's comparable to the 1x, 2x, 3x that exists in iOS land.
Nothing has ever actually replaced those. In any UI toolkit. Vector assets finally took a chunk out of their usage, but there's still plenty of assets that are not vectors.
The density support in Android largely remains the gold standard. The only UI toolkit that actually achieved robust density independence. There's plenty broken about Android's UI toolkit, just this isn't one of them.