They're literally doping graphene with crap to see if it increases the Electrocatalytic Effect. Hilarious! A great way to point out that the plethora of graphene doping papers is not well justified.
It's clear that there's a lot of problem space to search through. Many teams have created "Positive" results, but because each is it's own research paper, it is challenging to determine which result is the "best", and which results are deserving of further study. What I would take from this is that there's a need for a "standard" experiment in this space, and for many formulations and differences to be mapped, graphed, and compared. One paper encompassing a few hundred formulations, chosen in advance to explore the problem space and find directions, would be more useful. Follow-up papers would employ a search-pattern, increasing and decreasing the concentrations of dopants and hill climbing until optimal points are found or property-curves can be established.
If you can put anything into graphene and get better electrocatalytic properties, then it doesn't make sense to publish any individual result about doping with "x" since that's just a subset of "anything". But if you do get a paper to put on the CV for a few weeks work, why would the fact that you are just doing redundant confirmation stop you?
lol
Be sure to test dog slobber while you're at it.
Also a little disappointed it wasn't Chiroptera guano, because that'd be crazy.
In school, you learn to fill in the blanks. In today's academia, you find the weakest and most useless subject, but the easiest to 'improve' on, and then manually fill in the blanks.
Of course there are exceptionally bright people in both places, but what used to happen was that academia consisted of much more of them proportionately. Now most everyone can put crap into graphene and observe the increase of electrocatalytic effect.
"one can envision an era in which guano-doped graphene is used instead of platinum in fuel cells and electrolyzers, with huge societal impact not only in clean energy production and a cleaner environment but also on rural economies as guano once again becomes a valuable and highly sought-after product."
I need say no more.
Stopped reading here.