You're complaining about things like the clock not being visible - that sounds a lot like you just didn't try the scaling.

I think you need a relatively new GPU. Some older models (older then 2015-2016) don't offer scaled resolutions yet, but you can still go for non-scaled 1440p. It is not as sharp on a native 4k display, but still way more readable.

Also always connect via DisplayPort instead of HDMI if you can, safes a ton of trouble.