> Does Firefox still use NSS when using the Windows Certificate Store for the source of trusted root certs?
Yes. When enabled this feature in Firefox just effectively copies certificates from one of the Windows trust stores but continues to use its own (NSS) logic for trust decisions. Note also that Firefox's config switch only looks at your local changes - a corporate CA, a MITM proxy on a dev's workstation, something like that. Firefox continues to rely on Mozilla's judgement not Microsoft's for global trust policy.
> What about Chrome?
Chrome is probably affected. Chrome uses the platform (in this case crypt32.dll) trust decisions and then layers on additional rules from Google, such as the requirement for proof of CT logging. So unless an additional rule is blocking the weird curves they'll pass on Chrome on Windows.