The "I don't care about cookies" addon[0] seems to do a pretty good job of it, I've not seen a banner in ages. I assume it works on a mixture of detecting popular cookie popup js libraries, and user feedback for the rest (although I can't seem to find a github or any code for it so it's hard to say). I think ublock also has a filter list for it built-in.

0: https://www.i-dont-care-about-cookies.eu/

Not sure if it's been done already but you could use Deep Learning to detect cookie dialogs ...