The hyphen to the rescue!
"third-world mining operation": a mining operation that is also a third-world operation.
VS
"third-world-mining operation": an operation for mining of the third world
VS
"third-world third-world-mining operation": a third-world operation for mining of the third world
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"first-world third-world-mining operation": a company headquartered in CH that mines in the deep backcountry of the DRC.