> Advances in network architecture (e.g. the recent trend towards skip connections and parallel processes) is likely to give insight to how an underlying, more complex system is likely to operate.
Maybe. The thing about these advances in ANNs is, so we have any reason to believe they have anything to do with the way biological neural networks work? It might be the case that these kinds of advances correlate to a more accurate understanding of how our brains process information, or it might also be the case that these are just optimizations on a mathematical model which is fundamentally different to biological intelligence.
To me advances in the other direction are much more compelling. We actually know quite a lot about how biological neural networks work. The way that electrical and chemical signals are transmitted is quite well understood, and can be accurately modeled through mathematical models derived from physics and physical chemistry. At the moment, the problem seems more to be more about how to accurately model this system at scale which we already have tons of data on.
It's not that I think these innovations in ANNS have no value, it's just that it seems that ANNs are quite tangential to neuroscience.