As far as I know a "character"
is a number in a character set. "A character is a character because it's a character" doesn't make any sense, at least not in the context of a programming language. A character is a character because it maps to a letter or glyph, and that requires a specific encoding.
The Bel spec contains the following:
2. chars
A list of all characters. Its elements are of the form (c . b), where
c is a character and b is its binary representation in the form of a
string of \1 and \0 characters.
In other words, even in Bel a character is still a "number" in a character set encoding. The "binary representation" isn't mentioned as being a specific encoding, which means it's assumed to be UTF08 or ASCII.
Also, Bel does have numbers, apparently implemented as pairs. Go figure.