https://usa.visa.com/pay-with-visa/featured-technologies/ver...
https://www.mastercard.us/en-us/consumers/payment-technologi...
In my case my bank has an app which will show the transaction and I can then accept/reject. My mom's bank's implementation looks very much like TOTP though I haven't investigated if it is.
Transactions at a POS use a PIN.
I believe this is relevant with respect to much of the protection you have from using a credit card (chargebacks etc)
Somehow, all through QA testing, nobody noticed it (or if they did, they didn't report it). At just about the last possible minute before go-live, somebody observed it happen. Then there was a mad rush to patch the bug in the middle of the go-live weekend so the go-live stayed on schedule.
This is part of the reason why I prefer to never let any services/apps/etc. save my bank/card details. If there’s not an option to save the card details that I can uncheck, 9x out of 10, I reconsider the transaction.
The assumption here though is that the services/apps/etc. that do provide the option actually respect it; in other words, unless you use fake/virtual card details (not entirely reliable, in my experience), you can’t be 100% sure that you’re safe either way, which sucks.