>You can legally disclose your salary with anyone (including in the US).
You can legally do lots of things in the US. At will employers can also legally let you go without a reason. It's not going to be easy to show that they let you go for a legally protected reason.
Don't put up with it. People reading this will have the rare luxury of working in an industry and in positions where they have a lot of leverage and a choice of employers.
(Disclaimer - it's easy for me to write this from the EU where this isn't a problem at all, thankfully.)