You can start with 4 hexagons, each one covering an octant and a third of the neighboring octants.
Or another way to say this: if you start with 4 hexagons, with each glued together with each other along two adjacent edges, and you add the appropriate folds, you can make an octahedron.
Then you can subdivide each of those starting hexagons into n hexagons for any of these numbers, https://oeis.org/A003136 (power-of-4 sizes may be the most convenient among these, so that the overall grid has 2^n by 2^n size)