If it’s production or goods, there’s obviously an upper limit. Even if in distant future, we begin assembling atoms into making novel rare elements, all that process consumes energy and possibly would produce waste. Production is not free. In the exponential limit, we will hit some constraint.
If we are talking about services, we should realise that even they cost energy. Even if we tomorrow think that long distance travel will be replaced by VR, production and delivery of such experiences cost energy.
Fundamental argument is then about energy. Can we keep harnessing it infinitely? No. Even if we make energy efficient processes, Jevon’s paradox suggests we will simply start using more energy.
The only way physical limits can be respected is by limiting the growth of economy and population. (Otherwise if we keep printing money without increase in production, it isn’t really economic growth)
