It is a reference, yes, and without optimization, is a pointer to a value.

Your parent is suggesting to not think of it in such a low-level way, and instead think of it as a permission. In this case, the pointer being optimized away makes more sense, as it’s not really about it being a pointer.

I’m of two minds about it, to be honest.

Rust doesn't have a syntax distinction for passing by reference vs passing by value (which may sound terrible to a C++ programmer, but Rust has no copy constructors, and types are non-copyable by default, so nothing expensive gets copied by surprise). For example, in the C sense, `Box<u8>` is a pointer, and `&str` is a struct passed by value.

Rust is all about ownership, and `&` means "don't free() this".