I suggest quartzite or pearly white granite, with pink granite for the pentagons.
The pattern should also work nicely for driveways and showers, likely with different material. The feel in a shower should be almost as nice as hexagon tile, and it is possible to put perfect 5-way symmetry around a pentagonal drain hole.
...but that doesn't seem to be required. I guess it depends on how much you hate grout lines. My square 18" (45 cm) tiles have grout lines that are about 3/8" (1 cm) thick. There is plenty of wiggle room for inaccuracy. You could cut down big tiles with a chop saw.
If you want thin grout lines, or even none at all, you can pay for that. Using a waterjet might also save on wasted stone, which could matter if you use something costly like jade or lapis lazuli.
They wouldn't need to be numbered. There are not very many distinct shapes. It looks like a dozen, judging from those images somebody posted. (last 6 at the bottom of the page) Maybe you'd need numbering if you had the supplier cut unique edge tiles, but you could just cut those when installing.
So I'll keep that in mind for later, thanks!
minor semantic quibble: I don't understand the use of the term "real-time" for this project. Can you elaborate on which definition is your project using, and how it applies?
In this case real-time in the sense that one can adjust parameters and (for not too many points) get an instant result instead of an image on disk. Additionally, I used all components to have it displayed with an adjustable fps count (OpenGL based rendering).
But I see, that the meaning of real-time is a bit biased. Any suggestions?
"Interactive"?