The way to look at the 1996 boondoggle is ask ourselves if FCC could have ever been expected to provide even a token enforcement of its terms. The answer is of course not, because FCC was created to protect Bell Telephone and that's most of what it has ever done. Given that, of course all the investments in competing telcos would fail and be gobbled by the incumbents, enriching execs and bankers in the process. Given that, what we've seen was only ever exactly what was planned. The 1996 Act has allowed Bell to shed money-losing rural exchanges, do away entirely with common carriage, pay for wireless infrastructure with money stolen from wireline investors, rearrange assets in ways that would have violated previous consent decrees, pretend that we ever tried competition in telecom, and burrow in even more tightly to its vampire-bite on the neck of USA residents. That was a pretty good con, that Bell execs ran on us, with the assistance of the corrupt in government and the credulous in media.