If you just want to be able to build something I would get started with your own building your own project.
Since you already know html and css you have a head start on people starting from scratch.
Don't just focus on just the front end, learn full stack development, even if you specialize in only front end in the future it's good to have a base of what is going on across the entire app.
I would recommend Rails or Laravel.
I think Laravel has the more active community currently and it's also what your company is currently using so I would use that.
Check out Laracasts.com, they have free lessons to get you started.
I would do the getting started with Laravel series.
Pick out a project of your own that you would like to create and just start working on it. It could be crud initially, then mix in some javascript and jQuery building on top of Laravel as you get more experience and want it to do more things.
Once you have the basics of that running you can look at Vue or React. Laracasts has some vue tutorials.
Since you mentioned starting your own side project check out StartUpsForTheRestOfUs.com it's a great podcast.