There may be only a handful that are well known, but that doesn't mean that there aren't more possible issuer numbers available. The first six digits make up the issuer identifier, so there are 10^6 possible issuers.

Sure, it's not ipv6 level address space (2^128), but ~10,000,000,000,000,000 possible card numbers seems like it should last many lifetimes, especially if you consider that card numbers could be recycled/reassigned, and if we ever approached the point where running out of numbers was within imagination, we would come up with a new scheme that allowed for a few new digits. My guess is the credit card itself as a concept will be long gone before the numbers are all used up.