> how will they reduce braking dust?

"In urban environments, brake wear can contribute up to 55 % by mass to total non-exhaust traffic-related PM10 emissions" [1]. (The "abrasion processes which result in direct particulate matter (PM) emission are tyre, brake, clutch and road surface wear, with other potential sources being engine wear, abrasion of wheel bearings and corrosion of other vehicle components, street furniture and crash barriers.")

When a vehicle regeneratively brakes, the brakes aren't engaged. Instead, the transmission connects to a generator, which resists the vehicle's motion as it converts kinetic energy into electricity.

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4315878/

Braking dust comes from brake pads rubbing against brake disks. Electric vehicles slow down by running the motor in reverse and recharging the battery, therefore don't use the brake pads and brake disks as much, especially at higher speeds where the brake dust problem is the worst.

Using the engine for braking means the physical brake will not be used, so there will be no dust in that case.

Regenerative braking is using the electric motor as a generator for a time during braking. So you're not dealing with pads and rotors wearing down, at least not as much.

You need your braking pads less when you convert the kinetic energy in electricity.

Thanks for that, all

If EV companies were confident in their engineering, one could design a system with entirely electric braking.

No brake pads required. Simply dump the energy into the battery (or a big heater for the excess when the battery is full or too cold to charge)

Obviously, you can't have a failure in the electrical or control system or you can't brake anymore, so that part will have to be designed with much more redundancy than it is in todays vehicles.