Since all participants are operating with the same data store, you can flag these conflicts in real time. You might even have individual transactions to mark start and end times, such that conflicts like this become impossible.

You might escalate to human resolution. IBM Global Finance implemented a blockchain system for thousands of its business partners in order to help resolve invoicing and payment issues. By having a trusted single source of truth, the dispute resolution process was dramatically accelerated. I don’t recall the exact numbers, but they went from something like 90 days average resolution time to just 1-3 days. This resulted in reducing working capital needs by about ~$100m, thus saving a few million dollars per year just in interest charges.

The value here (in addition to decentralized validation and consensus) is also in transparency and accountability, which disincentivizes fraud.

Each participant has their own copy of the immutable ledger and world state.

Entries are cryptographically signed.

All interactions run through smart contracts (you can’t just insert/update).

You can form channels to engage in private transactions between a subset of the network, without divulging the existence of the transaction to the full network.