In Neptune's Brood there were "slow" currencies where transactions had to be settled by communication with other star systems. It was created as a deliberate way to drive colonization of new star systems, since the only way to create more of it was to colonize more systems. The founders of a colony could end up quite wealthy, if they survived the attempt.
Of course, for every-day transactions there were also "fast" currencies where transactions were settled more or less instantaneously, and "medium" currencies where it would take longer but still be reasonably quick (probably for transactions between parties on different planets in the same system, but I don't recall that it was specified exactly).