The whole setup is stupid, due to a chain of constitutional oddities. There's no distinction between budget votes and other kinds of votes. Most other systems, Westminster-style or otherwise, have a process which results in either a budget being passed or a fresh election being held which should result in a majority capable of passing one.

The US system has elevated a denial of service attack (filibuster) to the status of important democratic ritual. This doesn't help either.

("Funding continues as-is" may be rendered impossible by external factors, as in the Greek budget crisis.)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_supply