Most Quake ports use OpenGL, SDL, etc for graphics, and won't work directly with the ttyquake files. Which is why I described using sdlquake to achieve the same effect, in my other comment.
Compiled a copy of SDL with aalib support. Copied it into the game directory, along with the sdlquake binary.
Ran "DISPLAY="" LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. SDL_VIDEODRIVER=aalib ./sdlquake".
That gave me quake in text mode, and would also run in a regular terminal.