Your DI example seems to be an example of my earlier point about "emulating things you could do with side-effects". No HKTs are needed when you just pass an impure side-effectful Logger object. Or, as discussed in another subthread, you could do side-effect management with Rust-style uniqueness typing, which results in a less elegant but arguably easier to use type system. It's debatable, but it seems people struggle less with the borrow checker than with advanced Haskell.