Go download NetBeans and create a Swing UI in Matisse. You'll find these issues aren't an issue. You can drag/drop and end up with a flexible, responsive layout that can handle things like strings changing length due to localisation. You can do the same with Scene Builder for JavaFX, although it's not as slick as Matisse. Or even Glade, if you're more a UNIX person. The latter two tools require you to understand box packing but allow for a relatively responsive layout.
The thing they don't do is let you totally change the layout depending on window size. But that's a fairly easy trick to pull off by just swapping out between different UI designs at runtime. There are widgets that can do this for you.