Each one of your cases can be debunked. Stocks only have value when SEC deems that it can have value. There are people who would love to live in a cold climate for whom land in a warm climate has no value. BMW costs more than Honda because people are willing to pay that much for it, which is how BMW sets the price.
All of your cases are about subjective value. Take out the buyer with personal interests on the other side of the transaction and see if it has any value.
A good test is to take what you think has value and move 10000 years into the future or the past and consider if everyone you encounter will value it. Do you think it will have value? If not, then no, it doesn't have any 'objective' value.
