The self-hosted solution I use for this (switched from LastPass) is pass[0] plus syncthing[1]. Passwords are just GPG-encrypted files, so they replicate seamlessly - much better than the "single monolithic database" approach of things like Keepass which is prone to sync conflicts.

Syncthing mirrors everything between my desktop, laptop, and phone (and there's an Android app[2] that works with OpenKeychain[3] so passwords are accessible from my phone). I haven't done this yet, but it'd be trivial to also run syncthing on a cheap VM somewhere, and replicate the passwords to it (but obviously not my GPG private key) for disaster recovery.

0: https://www.passwordstore.org/

1: https://syncthing.net/

2: https://github.com/zeapo/Android-Password-Store

3: https://www.openkeychain.org/